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- <text id=90TT0462>
- <link 93XP0270>
- <title>
- Feb. 19, 1990: Rumania's Other Tragedy
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Feb. 19, 1990 Starting Over
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 74
- Rumania's Other Tragedy
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Under a primitive medical system, babies are dying of AIDS
- </p>
- <p> The sight is sickening and terrifying. In crib after crib
- lie babies and toddlers who look like old people, their skin
- shriveled, their skeletal faces bearing the unmistakable mark
- of approaching death. These pitiful children at a clinic in
- Bucharest are AIDS patients, the tiniest victims of the brutal,
- backward regime of Rumania's fallen dictator, Nicolae
- Ceausescu.
- </p>
- <p> Last week Western doctors working in Rumania revealed a
- mysterious epidemic of AIDS among the country's youngsters. The
- full extent of the outbreak is not yet known, but continuing
- tests of sick children at hospitals and orphanages have
- identified 706 who are infected out of 2,184 examined so far.
- Scores have already died. "It is worse than anything I have
- seen," said Dr. Jacques Lebas, president of the Paris-based
- medical-relief organization Medecins du Monde, which helped
- conduct the tests.
- </p>
- <p> Until last year, Ceausescu's government considered AIDS a
- capitalist disease that hardly existed in Rumania. But the
- dictator had raised the odds that it would become a problem by
- outlawing birth control and sex education--two mainstays of
- AIDS-prevention efforts elsewhere in the world--in an attempt
- to boost his country's population. In January 1989, Dr. Ionel
- Patrascu, of Bucharest's Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of
- Virology, decided to test a handful of patients for the virus
- as part of a research project. Amazingly, the first child
- screened, a twelve-year-old girl, was infected. Of 14 more
- children examined at the same pediatric clinic, six harbored
- the virus. Working clandestinely, Patrascu went on to test
- children in three other cities, where the rate of infection
- appeared to be just as bad. In August, concerned that the
- epidemic was spreading out of control, he notified the Ministry
- of Health. To his dismay, he was told to halt testing
- immediately. A scheduled meeting on children and AIDS was
- canceled, and the programs were withdrawn from the presses.
- </p>
- <p> After Ceausescu's fall, Patrascu resumed testing with the
- help of Medecins du Monde. As he uncovered more and more cases,
- the doctor was puzzled by the unusual concentration of
- infections in children from one to three years old. Ordinarily,
- babies are exposed to the AIDS virus only through their
- mothers, but the mothers of these children were found to be
- free of infection.
- </p>
- <p> The researchers now have two theories about how the disease
- spread. The first suspect is a traditional medical practice in
- Rumania of injecting minute quantities of adult blood into
- young babies who look thin or anemic. Part of this blood
- supply, some of which is imported, could have been
- contaminated. The other likely pathway for infection is the
- reuse of dirty needles. As in most East European countries,
- disposable syringes are in short supply, and hospital staff
- members are often poorly trained in sterilizing techniques.
- </p>
- <p> The World Health Organization dispatched a public health
- team to Rumania to determine the scope of the epidemic. If
- infection is limited mainly to the children, a large supply of
- sterile needles and blood-testing kits could halt the spread
- almost immediately, said Dr. Jonathan Mann, head of WHO's
- Global Program on AIDS. But Mann is concerned that the new
- mobility of Eastern Europe's populations could lead to faster
- dissemination of the virus. Citing reports of prostitution in
- Rumania and heroin use in Poland, Mann called Eastern Europe
- "the new frontier for the AIDS epidemic."
- </p>
- <p>By Andrew Purvis. Reported by Margot Hornblower/Paris.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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