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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=90TT0462>
<link 93XP0270>
<title>
Feb. 19, 1990: Rumania's Other Tragedy
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Feb. 19, 1990 Starting Over
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 74
Rumania's Other Tragedy
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Under a primitive medical system, babies are dying of AIDS
</p>
<p> The sight is sickening and terrifying. In crib after crib
lie babies and toddlers who look like old people, their skin
shriveled, their skeletal faces bearing the unmistakable mark
of approaching death. These pitiful children at a clinic in
Bucharest are AIDS patients, the tiniest victims of the brutal,
backward regime of Rumania's fallen dictator, Nicolae
Ceausescu.
</p>
<p> Last week Western doctors working in Rumania revealed a
mysterious epidemic of AIDS among the country's youngsters. The
full extent of the outbreak is not yet known, but continuing
tests of sick children at hospitals and orphanages have
identified 706 who are infected out of 2,184 examined so far.
Scores have already died. "It is worse than anything I have
seen," said Dr. Jacques Lebas, president of the Paris-based
medical-relief organization Medecins du Monde, which helped
conduct the tests.
</p>
<p> Until last year, Ceausescu's government considered AIDS a
capitalist disease that hardly existed in Rumania. But the
dictator had raised the odds that it would become a problem by
outlawing birth control and sex education--two mainstays of
AIDS-prevention efforts elsewhere in the world--in an attempt
to boost his country's population. In January 1989, Dr. Ionel
Patrascu, of Bucharest's Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of
Virology, decided to test a handful of patients for the virus
as part of a research project. Amazingly, the first child
screened, a twelve-year-old girl, was infected. Of 14 more
children examined at the same pediatric clinic, six harbored
the virus. Working clandestinely, Patrascu went on to test
children in three other cities, where the rate of infection
appeared to be just as bad. In August, concerned that the
epidemic was spreading out of control, he notified the Ministry
of Health. To his dismay, he was told to halt testing
immediately. A scheduled meeting on children and AIDS was
canceled, and the programs were withdrawn from the presses.
</p>
<p> After Ceausescu's fall, Patrascu resumed testing with the
help of Medecins du Monde. As he uncovered more and more cases,
the doctor was puzzled by the unusual concentration of
infections in children from one to three years old. Ordinarily,
babies are exposed to the AIDS virus only through their
mothers, but the mothers of these children were found to be
free of infection.
</p>
<p> The researchers now have two theories about how the disease
spread. The first suspect is a traditional medical practice in
Rumania of injecting minute quantities of adult blood into
young babies who look thin or anemic. Part of this blood
supply, some of which is imported, could have been
contaminated. The other likely pathway for infection is the
reuse of dirty needles. As in most East European countries,
disposable syringes are in short supply, and hospital staff
members are often poorly trained in sterilizing techniques.
</p>
<p> The World Health Organization dispatched a public health
team to Rumania to determine the scope of the epidemic. If
infection is limited mainly to the children, a large supply of
sterile needles and blood-testing kits could halt the spread
almost immediately, said Dr. Jonathan Mann, head of WHO's
Global Program on AIDS. But Mann is concerned that the new
mobility of Eastern Europe's populations could lead to faster
dissemination of the virus. Citing reports of prostitution in
Rumania and heroin use in Poland, Mann called Eastern Europe
"the new frontier for the AIDS epidemic."
</p>
<p>By Andrew Purvis. Reported by Margot Hornblower/Paris.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>